Nhà máy điện than trong tương lai: Nếu vẫn phải phát triển, cần công nghệ “sạch” mang tính đột phá
25/03/2020 14:33
- 40 lần đọc
Cuộc tranh luận về việc xây hay không xây nhà máy điện than là điểm nóng thời sự trên các diễn đàn về năng lượng tại Việt Nam vài năm trở lại đây. Một bên là nhu cầu đáp ứng nguồn điện cho phát triển kinh tế - khi nguy cơ khủng hoảng thiếu điện là rất cận kề, một bên là tiếng nói thôi thúc bảo vệ môi sinh, mỗi bên đều có lý lẽ thuyết phục riêng. Từ góc độ các chuyên gia kỹ thuật ngành điện có quan tâm đến các nguy cơ nhạy cảm về môi trường, chúng ta cần khẩn thiết tìm hiểu những giải pháp kỹ thuật phần nào giúp cân bằng vấn đề này. Ít nhất, nếu vẫn phải phát triển điện than, cũng cần tìm kiếm những công nghệ đột phá , an toàn và “sạch”. Từ sáng kiến Coal FIRST của Hoa Kỳ, những cải tiến đổi mới công nghệ với tham vọng đạt đến lượng mức phát thải gần như bằng 0 đang được đặt ra nghiên cứu, dù với rất nhiều thử thách…

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Hanging over this lethargic recovery are two other trends that raise questions about the course of economic growth: the unprecedented runup in debt worldwide, and the prolonged deceleration of productivity growth, which needs to pick up to bolster standards of living and poverty eradication.

Global growth is set to rise by 2.5% this year, a small uptick from 2.4% in 2019, as trade and investment gradually recover, the World Bank’s semi-annual Global Economic Prospects forecasts. Advanced economies are expected to slow as a group to 1.4% from 1.6%, mainly reflecting lingering weakness in manufacturing.

Emerging market and developing economies will see growth accelerate to 4.1% from 3.5% last year. However, the pickup is anticipated to come largely from a small number of large emerging economies shaking off economic doldrums or stabilizing after recession or turbulence. For many other economies, growth is on track to decelerate as exports and investment remain weak.

A worrying aspect of the sluggish growth trend is that even if the recovery in emerging and developing economy growth takes place as expected, per capita growth will remain below long-term averages and will advance at a pace too slow to meet poverty eradication goals. Income growth would in fact be slowest in Sub-Saharan Africa – the region where 56 percent of the world’s poor live.

And even this modest rally could be disrupted by any number of threats. Trade disputes could re-escalate. A sharper-than-expected growth slowdown in major economies such as China, the United States, or the Euro Area would similarly reverberate widely. A resurgence of financial stress in large emerging markets, as was experienced in Argentina and Turkey in 2018, an escalation of geopolitical tensions, or a series of extreme weather events could all have adverse effects on economic activity around the world.

More…https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/01/08/january-2020-global-economic-prospects-slow-growth-policy-challenges

Written by The World Bank

Photo: Inc.com

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